Glossary

From CPU Grave Yard

A

A.b

ADC

  • Expansion: Analog to Digital Converter
  • Definition: a unit that takes analog signals and converts them to digital. Commonly incorporated in MCUs. Sometimes abbreviated as A/D
  • (Wikipedia article)

AMD-V

AMD64

  • Definition: originally called x86-64, is a set of extensions of the x86 ISA that allows the CPU to run as a 64-bit microprocessor.
  • (Wikipedia article)

APU

APU

  • Expansion: auxiliary processing unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

ATMU

  • Expansion: Address translation and mapping unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

ASIC

ATM

ATAPI

  • Expansion: Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
  • Definition: connection for other storage devices such as CD-ROM drives and tape drives to the Parallel ATA interface
  • (Wikipedia article)


ATA

  • Expansion:
  • Definition:



B

BIU

  • Expansion: Bus Interface Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

Bipolar

  • See: BJT: Bipolar junction transistor

BiCMOS

  • Expansion: Bipolar-CMOS [logic]
  • Definition: combining BJTs and CMOS technology on the same device (die) Pentium, Pentium Pro, and SuperSPARC used BiCMOS
  • (Wikipedia article)


BJT

  • Expansion: Bipolar junction transistor
  • Definition: 3-terminal transistor, NPN or PNP. Current controlled-current source
  • (Wikipedia article)

BOR

  • Expansion: Brown-out Reset
  • Definition: Reset when the Vcc drops below a certain level
  • (Wikipedia article)

BSSP

  • Expansion: Basic Synchronous Serial Port
  • Definition: a serial interface useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices using SPI or I2C
  • Serial Port (Wikipedia article)


C

Carry look-ahead [adder]

  • Definition: faster binary adder that looks ahead instead of rippling through the bits
  • (Wikipedia article)

CAN

  • Expansion: Controller-area network
  • Definition: A communications protocol for vehicles
  • (Wikipedia article)

CCP

  • Expansion: Capture/Compare/PWM
  • Definition: a module that can operate as capture, compare or PWM register
  • (Wikipedia article)


CGC

  • Expansion: Clock Generator Module
  • Definition: generates the base clock signal

Chipset

  • Definition: group of chips designed to work with a CPU to preform basic functions such as bus interfaces
  • (Wikipedia article)

Chip package

  • Definition: The container that holds the integrated circuits die, wire-bound to the pins. AKA: chip carrier, chip container
  • (Wikipedia article)

COP

Core

  • Definition: the portion of the chip that is defined as the processing unit. Multi-core CPUs have multiply processing unit
  • (Wikipedia article)

CPU

  • Expansion: Central Processing Unit
  • Definition: a chip or (rarely) a collection of chips that preforms the processing of data for a computer. On microcontroller the CPU is a portion of the chip that does the computations or processing of data.
  • (Wikipedia article)

CTC

  • Expansion: Counter/Timer Circuit
  • Definition: a module that can be used as counter or timer
  • (Wikipedia article)

C2SIa

  • Expansion: Class II Serial Interface A
  • Definition: a communication module used for transmitting and receiving data over a multi-master network, follows the J1850 Class B protocol

C2SIb

  • Expansion: Class II Serial Interface B
  • Definition: a communication module used for transmitting and receiving data over a multi-master network, follows the J1850 Class B protocol

CXL

  • Expansion: Compute Express Link
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


D

DGMOS

  • Expansion: Planar double-gate MOSFET multigate transistor
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

DCM

  • Expansion: Dual chip module
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

DAC

  • Expansion: Digital to Analog Converter
  • Definition: Unit used to output analog signals from digital signals. Sometimes used in MCUs
  • (Wikipedia article)

DAI

  • Expansion: Digital Applications Interface
  • Definition: a module within SHARC DSPs for user-definable access to peripherals

DALI

  • Expansion: Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface
  • Definition: a electrical interface and bus protocol mainly used to control lightning systems
  • (Wikipedia article)

DDC

  • Expansion: Display Data Channel
  • Definition: digital communication protocols between a computer display and a graphics adapter. Protocols include DDC1, DDC2 or DDC2B, DDC2Ab, DDC2B+, DDC3Bi, E-DDC
  • (Wikipedia article)

DES

  • Expansion: Data Encryption Standard
  • Definition: a block cipher that uses shared secret encryption
  • (Wikipedia article)

Die

DMA

  • Expansion: Direct memory access
  • Definition: allows hardware to access memory independent of CPU.
  • (Wikipedia article)

DMOS

  • Expansion: Double-Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
  • Definition: Used in power MOSFETs.
  • (Wikipedia article)

DPI

  • Expansion: Digital Peripheral Interface
  • Definition: a module within SHARC DSPs for user-definable access to peripherals

DRAM

  • Expansion: Dynamic random access memory
  • Definition: Memory that stores each bit in a capacitor, which needs to be refreshed or it will lose it data.
  • (Wikipedia article)


E

EU

  • Expansion: kasumi Execution Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

eMAC

  • Expansion: enhanced multiply accumulate unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

ESU

  • Expansion: advanced Encryption Standard unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

EMIF

  • Expansion: External Memory Interface
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

eLBC

  • Expansion: Enhanced local bus controller
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

EIM

  • Expansion: external Interface Module
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

EPORT

  • Expansion: Edge Port Module
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

ECC

  • Expansion: Error Correction Code
  • Definition: A type of coding by adding redundancy to data for error correction.
  • (Wikipedia article)

EEPROM

  • Expansion: Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • Definition: EPROM that can be erased using electricity, not UV light. Sometimes in circuit, which is much easier and more practical than UV-EPROMs. Flash is a type of EEPROM.
  • (Wikipedia article)

Embedded system

  • Definition: A computer system design for a specific operation, unlike general purpose computers like desktop computers, or servers
  • (Wikipedia article)

EMA

  • Expansion: External Memory Addressing
  • Definition: ?

EPROM

  • Expansion: Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • Definition: ROM that can be reprogrammed, usually erased using UV light. See UV-EPROM
  • (Wikipedia article)

EPort

  • Definition: Unknown?

ESCI

  • Definition: Unknown?



F

FEU

  • Expansion: ARC four Execution Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

FPC

  • Expansion: Field Programmable Controller
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

FCM

  • Expansion: Flash control machine
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


FinFET/FF

  • Expansion: Fin Field-Effect Transistor Tri-gate transistor
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

FEC

  • Expansion: Fast Ethernet Controller
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

FIFO

  • Expansion: First In, First Out
  • Definition: a way data stored in a queue is processed
  • (Wikipedia article)

FPU

  • Expansion: Floating Point Unit
  • Definition: a separate unit for preforming floating point operation, as separate chip, sometimes a separate unit on the processor and included in the instruction set. Sometimes a co-processor is referred to as an FPU, even if its math operations are not all floating point
  • (Wikipedia article)

FPGA

  • Expansion: Field Programmable Gate Array
  • Definition: Programmable logic chip, the most complex and expensive programmable logic chip, generally used for development.
  • (Wikipedia article)



G

G.Lite

GPIO

  • Expansion: General Purpose Input/Output
  • Definition: pins that can be assigned input or output and be used for any reason
  • (Wikipedia article)

GAAFET

  • Expansion: Gate-all-around FET multigate transistor
  • Definition: -
  • GAAFET

GPCM

  • Expansion: General-purpose chip select machine

GPGPU/GPGP

  • Expansion: General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


H

HKMG

  • Expansion: High-κ [dielectric] Metal Gate
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


HDLC

  • Expansion: High-Level Data Link Control
  • Definition: Internet data transfer protocol
  • (Wikipedia article)

HMOS

  • Expansion: High-performance NMOS or high-speed NMOS
  • Definition: Depletion load NMOS logic gates, for higher speed and lower power consumption
  • (Wikipedia article)

Hsync

  • Expansion: Horizontal Synchronization
  • Definition: has to do with synchronizing display on a CRT monitor or TV
  • (Wikipedia article)


Hyper-threading



I

IPU

  • Expansion: Infrastructure Processing Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

ICSP

  • Expansion: In-Circuit Serial Programming
  • Definition: a method of directly programming certain microcontrollers
  • (Wikipedia article)

IDE

  • Expansion: Integrated Drive Electronics
  • Definition: the first version of ATA/ATAPI interface (ATA-1) for communications with hard drives, CDROMs, etc
  • (Wikipedia article)

IEBus

  • Expansion: Inter Equipment Bus
  • Definition: a two wire bus used in the automotive industry as a communications bus between various devices
  • (Wikipedia article)

Interrupt

INTC

  • Expansion: Interrupt Controller
  • Definition: Control unit that receives and processes interrupt signals
  • (Wikipedia article)

I/O

  • Expansion: Input/Output
  • Definition: IC pins can designated as input or output or in some cases bidirectional, allowing input and output on the same pin
  • (Wikipedia article)

IRSCI

  • Expansion: Infrared Serial Communications Interface
  • Definition: module which allows high-speed asynchronous communications with peripheral devices and other MCUs

IrDA

  • Expansion: Infrared Data Association
  • Definition: a communications protocol for the short-range exchange of data over infrared light
  • (Wikipedia article)

ISA

  • Expansion: Instruction Set Architecture
  • Definition: Processor's architecture defined by a standard Instruction Set
  • (Wikipedia article)

I2C

  • Definition: a popular serial communication protocol, pronounced "I squared C"
  • (Wikipedia article)



J

JTAG

  • Definition: a communications protocol commonly used for debugging and programing devices
  • (Wikipedia article)


K

KEU

  • Expansion: public Key Execution Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


KBI

  • Expansion: Keyboard Interrupt module
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


L

L1 cache

  • Expansion: Level 1 cache
  • Definition: the first level of cache memory, used for data and program code, sometimes shared, sometimes separate memory for each. Generally small in size, but is fast running at the speed of the processor. Data cache is in Bytes or Kilobytes. Instruction cache is Instructions or Kilo-instructions, size depending on the width of instructions.
  • (Wikipedia article)

L2 cache

  • Expansion: Level 2 cache
  • Definition: Shared data and instruction memory, larger in size to L1 cache but slower
  • (Wikipedia article)

L3 cache

  • Expansion: Level 3 cache
  • Definition: Shared data and instruction memory, very larger in size, but slower than L2 cache, rarely used except in servers
  • (Wikipedia article)

LIN-Bus

  • Expansion: Local Interconnect Network
  • Definition: a vehicle bus standard or computer networking bus-system
  • (Wikipedia article)

LVD

  • Expansion: Low Voltage Detection
  • Definition: a reset signal when Vcc falls below Vref
  • (Wikipedia article)


M

MDEU

  • Expansion: Message Digest Execution Unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


MuGFET

  • Expansion: multi-gate field-effect transistor multigate transistor
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

MIGFET

  • Expansion: multiple-independent-gate field-effect transistor multigate transistor
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

MCM

  • Expansion: multi-chip module
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

MUX

McBSP

  • Expansion: Multichannel Buffered Serial Port
  • Definition: communication module used by some TMS320 DSPs

MCU

  • Expansion: Micro-Controller Unit
  • Definition: a chip that contains a CPU and other support functions designed to reduce the number of needed external components, and simplify users ability to preform tasks. MCUs commonly have on-chip RAM, ROM, timers, and clock generators. Other common functions are PWM, ADC, and SPI
  • (Wikipedia article)

MI Bus

  • Expansion: Motorola Interconnect Bus
  • Definition: a serial communications interface using a single line from one Master to as many as 8 slave devices.

μWire/uWire

MMU

  • Expansion: Memory Management Unit
  • Definition: unit responsible for handling accesses to memory requested by the CPU
  • (Wikipedia article)

MMX

  • Definition: extension to x86 instruction set, adding single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions
  • (Wikipedia article)

MSSP

  • Expansion: Master Synchronous Serial Port
  • Definition: a module is a serial interface useful for communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices
  • (Wikipedia article)



N

NMOS


NIC

  • Expansion: Network Interface Controller
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:



O

OTG

OSD

  • Expansion: On Screen Display
  • Definition: an image superimposed on a screen picture
  • (Wikipedia article)

OST

  • Expansion: Oscillator Start-up Timer
  • Definition: a timer that keeps the a microcontroller in reset until the crystal oscillator is stable
  • (Wikipedia article)

OTP

  • Definition: ROM that can be written only once, one type is fuse-programmable ROM
  • (Wikipedia article)



P

PDU

  • Expansion: data processing unit
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:


PoP

  • Expansion: Package On Package
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

PIT

  • Expansion: Periodic Interrupt Timers
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

PAL

  • Expansion: Programmable Array Logic
  • Definition: A programmable logic chip, to replace a bunch of logic gates and registers. One time programmable (OTP). The simplest of programmable logic, similar to CPLDs and FPGAs.
  • (Wikipedia article)

Parity

  • Definition: A very simple type of coding by adding redundancy to data for error correction.
  • (Wikipedia article)

PCI

PCMCIA

PIO

  • Expansion: Programmed input/output
  • Definition: a method of transferring data between the CPU and a peripheral
  • (Wikipedia article)

PLL

  • Expansion: Phase-Locked Loop
  • Definition: a type of feedback loop to generate stable oscillations for signal generation and recovery.
  • (Wikipedia article)

PMP

  • Expansion: Parallel Master Port
  • Definition: a parallel 8-bit I/O module, specifically designed to communicate with a wide variety of parallel devices, such as communication peripherals, LCDs, external memory devices and microcontrollers

PMOS

PMMU

  • Expansion: Paged Memory Management Unit
  • Definition: unit responsible for handling accesses to memory requested by the CPU
  • (Wikipedia article)

PoR

  • Expansion: Power-on Reset
  • Definition: a microcontroller or microprocessor peripheral that generates a reset signal when power is applied to the device. It ensures that the device starts operating in a known state.
  • (Wikipedia article)

PPU

  • Expansion: Picture Processing Unit
  • Definition: the name used by Nintendo for the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) in the Nintendo and Super Nintendo
  • (Wikipedia article)

Prescaler

PSP

  • Expansion: Parallel Slave Port
  • Definition: allows 8-bit asynchronous bidirectional data transfer between microcontroller and external devices
  • (Wikipedia article)

PS/2

  • Definition: a keyboard/mouse interface that replaces the AT connection. It uses serial data at 10 to 16 kHz with 1 stop bit, 1 start bit, 1 parity bit (odd)
  • (Wikipedia article)

PWM

  • Expansion: Pulse Width Modulator
  • Definition: a unit that outputs a clock signal with a constant period, and its on-time is controlled by the input. Commonly used in MCUs.
  • (Wikipedia article)

PWRT

  • Expansion: Power-up Timer
  • Definition: preforms a delay after power on reset (POR), or other forms of reset



Q

QUICC

  • Expansion: QUad Integrated Communications Controller
  • Definition: a family of Motorola and Freescale microcontrollers
  • (Wikipedia article)

QMC

QSPI

  • Expansion: Queued Serial Peripheral Interface
  • Definition: One type of SPI controller that uses a data queue with programmable queue pointers
  • (Wikipedia article)



R

RNG

  • Expansion: Random Number Generator
  • Definition: a module for generating random numbers
  • (Wikipedia article)

RS-232

  • Definition: standard serial communications protocol, used in computer serial ports
  • (Wikipedia article)

RS-432

RS-485


S

SAI

  • Expansion: Serial Audio Interface
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

SPE

  • Expansion: Signal-processing engine
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

SCI

Servo

SIMD

  • Expansion: Single Instruction, Multiple Data
  • Definition: processor instruction that preforms the same operation on the multiple data sets in parallel, AKA: vector instructions
  • (Wikipedia article)

SIO

  • Expansion: Special Input/Output
  • Definition: Special Input/Output (Special I/O or SIO) are inputs and/or outputs designated to perform specialized functions or have specialized features. These can include hardware interrupts, analog or mixed signal, serial communication, external reset, switch de-bounce, input pull-up or down resistors.

SLDM

  • Expansion: Serial Data Link Module
  • Definition: serial communication on a J1850 type multiplexed serial bus via an external J1850 bus transceiver

SMB

  • Expansion: System Management Bus
  • Definition: a single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication
  • (Wikipedia article)

SoC

  • Expansion: System on Chip
  • Definition: Combination of many components on a single chip (die), components which traditionally have their own individual chips. Geode is a SoC, with integrated CPU, chipset, and video controller
  • (Wikipedia article)

SPI

  • Expansion: Serial Peripheral Interface
  • Definition: a serial communication protocol
  • (Wikipedia article)

SRAM

  • Expansion: Static RAM
  • Definition: stores data in memory that does not need to be refreshed
  • (Wikipedia article)

SSC

  • Expansion: Serial Servo Controller
  • Definition: interfacing servos with a computer using RS232 communications

SSI

  • Expansion: Serial Synchronous Interface
  • Definition: serial interface standard for industrial applications
  • (Wikipedia article)

SSIO

  • Expansion: Serial Synchronous Input/Output port
  • 'See: Serial Synchronous Interface

SSP

  • Expansion: Synchronous Serial Port
  • Definition: a controller that supports the Serial Peripheral Interface, 4-wire Synchronous Serial Interface, and Microwire serial buses

SSE4a

  • Expansion: Streaming SIMD Extensions
  • Definition: an extension to the x86 instruction set, to preform single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) operation. SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4 and SSE4a are all added extensions
  • (Wikipedia article)

SSSE3

  • Expansion: Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extension 3
  • Definition: another extension to the x86 instruction set
  • (Wikipedia article)

Sync

  • Definition: unit that generates Vsync and Hsync signals for the display of a CRT monitor or TV
  • (Wikipedia article)


T

TLU

  • Expansion: Table Lookup Units
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

TWI

  • Expansion: Two-Wire Interface
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

TSMC

  • Expansion: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (semiconductor fab)
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

TIM


U

UPMs

  • Expansion: user programmable machines
  • Definition: -
  • wikipedia:

UART

  • Expansion: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
  • Definition: Serial communications device, used in combination with a communications protocol such as RS-232
  • (Wikipedia article)

UPI

  • Expansion: Universal Peripheral Interface
  • Definition: Unknown?

USART

  • Expansion: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
  • Definition: Serial communications device, using synchronous or asynchronous communications
  • (Wikipedia article)

USI

  • Expansion: Universal Serial Interface
  • Definition: - unknown?

USB

  • Expansion: Universal Serial Bus
  • Definition: an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and protocols used for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
  • (Wikipedia article)

USB OTG

  • Expansion: USB On-The-Go
  • 'Definition:a specification that allows USB devices such as digital audio players or mobile phones to act as a host allowing a USB Flash Drive, mouse, or keyboard to be attached
  • (Wikipedia article)

USI

  • Expansion: Universal Serial Interface
  • Definition:' - unknown?

Utopia



V

VFD

  • Expansion: Vacuum fluorescent display
  • Definition: an illuminated display used in equipment such as video cassette recorders, car radios, and microwave ovens.
  • (Wikipedia article)

Vcc

  • Definition: positive supply voltage. historically for analog (bipolar) devices. Vdd is used for digital (FET), but Vcc has been used for both
  • (Wikipedia article)

Vdd

  • Definition: positive supply voltage. Vdd is used for digital (FET), but Vcc has been used for both
  • (Wikipedia article)

Vss

Vsync

  • Expansion: Vertical Synchronization
  • Definition: has to do with synchronizing display on a CRT monitor or TV
  • (Wikipedia article)



W

WDT

  • Expansion: Watchdog timer
  • Definition: a timer that preforms a reset if the main program freezes
  • (Wikipedia article)



0-9

3DNow!

1-Wire

2-Wire

  • Definition: bus communication protocol using a 2 wires
Retrieved from "https://happytrees.org/sites/chips-mw-1.39.0/index.php?title=Glossary&oldid=30581"